Een voedselallergie of -intolerantie bij een hond of kat: wat is het verschil?

A food allergy or intolerance in a dog or cat: what is the difference?

Does your dog or cat often vomit, have diarrhea, or itch and scratch a lot? There is a good chance this is caused by certain ingredient(s) in your pet’s food. This is due to a food allergy or intolerance. Many people think these terms mean the same thing, but nothing could be further from the truth. Both are considered food sensitivities, and although the physical symptoms in pets are quite similar, food allergies and food intolerances cause different reactions in the body. In this blog, we will explore the differences in more detail.

The difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance

Both food allergies and food intolerances cause a dog or cat to react poorly to the food they are currently eating. Although the symptoms are quite similar (making it difficult to determine whether it is a food allergy or a food intolerance), animals with a food intolerance mainly suffer from stomach and/or intestinal problems. With a food allergy, dogs or cats often experience skin and coat issues. Symptoms can include excessive shedding or dandruff, but the animal may also itch and scratch until red or bald spots appear. Sometimes the dog or cat can itch so much that it scratches its skin open, causing scabs.

In a food allergy, the immune system of the dog or cat always reacts. The animal’s body usually responds to a specific protein in the food, after which it produces histamine as a reaction to the protein. The production of histamine causes itching, red skin, vasodilation (widening) of blood vessels, and possibly swelling. The most common proteins in pet food that cause allergic reactions in dogs or cats are beef, chicken, wheat (gluten), dairy products, eggs, and soy. These are called allergens.

In a food intolerance, the body of a dog or cat reacts abnormally to a certain ingredient, but the immune system is not involved. No histamine is produced. The substances in the food that trigger the reaction are called triggers rather than allergens. The animal’s body is unable to digest a certain substance, which can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as stomach pain and/or diarrhea.

How does a food allergy develop in a dog or cat?

Although food allergies often occur in young animals under one year old, a dog or cat does not have to be allergic to a certain protein from a young age. The animal’s body can develop an allergic reaction later in life. So your dog or cat may have eaten the same food for years without any allergic reaction, but after a few years develop a food allergy to a specific protein in the food. Most food allergies develop to ingredients the animal is exposed to frequently. The chance that a dog or cat reacts to a new protein source (meaning the animal has never eaten that protein before) is very small. Genetics can also play a role in food allergies.

How do you find out what your dog or cat is reacting to?

It is difficult to diagnose a food allergy or intolerance because the symptoms can also occur with other conditions. Think of fleas, parasites, or other allergies. However, it is possible to determine exactly what the dog or cat is reacting to. A veterinarian can perform allergy screening through blood and hair tests. Another option is to put the dog or cat on an elimination diet. An elimination diet means feeding the animal food that contains only one protein source, which the animal must eat for at least six weeks. If the dog or cat still responds well to the food after six weeks, the animal is not allergic to the protein source in the elimination diet. If the symptoms persist and your pet reacts poorly to the food, the animal is probably allergic to the protein source in the food. In that case, the dog or cat should follow another elimination diet with a different protein source. This process is repeated until you find a food that your pet responds well to.

Important! Keep in mind that during the elimination diet, all food the animal receives must contain only one and the same protein source. This applies to dry food and wet food, but also to snacks or other treats. If you want to give your pet a snack, only give a snack that contains the same protein source as the elimination diet.

 


Hypoallergenic food

When the ingredients your pet reacts to are known from the allergy screening by the veterinarian, you can look for a food that is free from these allergens. This also applies to the elimination diet: if your dog or cat responds well to the specific protein source after 6 weeks of the elimination diet, you can continue to feed this food or look for a food that contains the ingredients your pet reacts well to.

Hypoallergenic foods are often the most suitable for food allergies or intolerances. These are foods low in allergens, significantly reducing the chance of a negative reaction. Hypoallergenic dog or cat food has several definitions. For example, hypoallergenic food can consist of only one (animal) protein source, but it can also be made with unique protein sources or hydrolyzed protein sources. In the blogs ‘What is hypoallergenic dog food?' and ‘The benefits of hypoallergenic cat food' we go deeper into these different definitions.

Always check the ingredient list

When you are looking for a suitable food for your dog or cat with a food allergy or intolerance, make sure to always carefully read the ingredient list of the food. If a food is hypoallergenic, the manufacturer always states this on the packaging. Because a dog or cat with a food allergy can react to even a small amount of protein in the food, it is important to choose a food with a clear declaration of the ingredient list. This means that all nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements) are present in the correct ratio and listed on the packaging. In the blog ‘Dog food, what exactly is in it?' we give you some tips on what to watch out for when reading the ingredient lists of pet foods.

It is important not to be misled by certain texts. For example, a package may say ‘with beef,' but when you look at the ingredient list, it may contain other animal proteins besides beef, making the food unsuitable for your dog or cat with a food allergy or intolerance. Another term to watch out for with pets that have a food allergy or intolerance is ‘meat and/or animal by-products.' When this is stated on the packaging, it is unclear which protein source is used in the food. Not ideal if your pet is sensitive to a particular protein source…

Note: dogs or cats with a food allergy or intolerance can only react to the proteins in food and not to fats (because they contain no proteins). For example, if your dog or cat is sensitive to chicken and the food is free of chicken proteins but contains chicken or poultry fat, your dog or cat can still eat this food without suffering from their allergy or intolerance.

Why choose Riverwood dog or cat food?

The main ingredient of Riverwood dog food and Riverwood cat food is the meat from three hypoallergenic unique protein sources (note: in the case of the cat foods, only the Outdoor, Derma, and Sterilised variants are hypoallergenic). Due to the high meat content, the foods have high digestibility. In addition, all Riverwood dog and cat foods are completely grain- and gluten-free and are completed with a selection of fresh fruit, vegetables, and a rich blend of powerful herbs. The hypoallergenic dog and cat foods from Riverwood are therefore suitable for and ideal to use with pets with food allergies or intolerances.

Besides dry foods, Riverwood also has a range of canned foods for dogs, namely the Mono Protein canned wet food. These canned wet foods contain no less than 70% meat from, as the name suggests, only one protein source. This wet food can therefore be perfectly used in a selective diet resulting from food allergies or intolerances.

Riverwood also offers a wide range of natural meat strips and trainers, treats and natural chew treats. Most of these snacks are made with unique protein sources, and some snacks even contain only one protein source. In the product composition, you can find which ingredients are used in the snacks, so you can determine whether the snack is suitable for your dog with a food allergy or intolerance.

Are you unsure whether a particular food is suitable for your dog or cat or do you have other questions? Please do not hesitate to contact us. We are happy to help!

Many pets already enjoy Riverwood every day. Do you want your dog or cat to also enjoy our delicious foods and are you curious which variant would suit your dog or cat best? Then answer here a few questions about your dog or here about your cat and order a discounted trial package right away.