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Gastric torsion in your dog

One of the biggest nightmares for any large-dog owner is gastric torsion. This dangerous condition—also known as stomach twisting or gastric volvulus—is extremely painful for dogs and can even be fatal if not treated in time. In this blog, we take a closer look at what gastric torsion is, what causes it, how to recognize the symptoms, and what you can do to reduce the risk of gastric torsion in a dog.

What is gastric torsion?

With gastric torsion, the stomach twists around its axis. This twisting blocks the stomach. As a result, blood vessels become constricted, which causes blood pressure and heart function to decrease. This means that the body receives too little oxygen.

Because the stomach is blocked, air can no longer escape. As a result, the stomach fills with gas, causing it to expand and become increasingly distended. The enlarged stomach disrupts breathing and blood circulation, meaning that even less oxygen reaches the tissues. The lack of oxygen damages vital organs and will ultimately cause the animal to die.

What causes gastric torsion?

The exact cause of gastric torsion is unknown. However, several factors have been identified that may increase the risk of gastric torsion:

  • Large-breed dogs and dogs with deep chests are more likely to develop gastric torsion.
  • Genetic predisposition: if a first-degree relative of the dog has had gastric torsion in the past, the dog is more likely to develop it.
  • Dogs that are very active or jump around a lot shortly before or after eating are more likely to develop gastric torsion.
  • Dogs with an aggressive or anxious temperament, and therefore higher stress levels, are at greater risk of developing gastric torsion.
  • Dogs that have previously experienced gastrointestinal problems are more likely to develop gastric torsion.
  • Dogs that receive a large amount of food once a day are more likely to develop gastric torsion than dogs that are fed 3 or 4 times a day.
  • Dogs that eat too quickly are at greater risk of developing gastric torsion. Eating too quickly causes a lot of air to enter the stomach. This can lead to gastric dilation, which in turn increases the risk of gastric torsion.

Symptoms of a gastric torsion

It is very important that you quickly recognize a gastric torsion in your dog. A dog with a gastric torsion can be identified by a swollen and hard abdomen (especially on the left side, just behind the ribs). In addition, the dog will try to vomit without anything coming up (dry retching), drool a lot, and become lethargic. A gastric torsion is very painful for the dog. Pain symptoms such as whining or howling, rapid breathing, and adopting a tense posture are also part of the symptoms of a gastric torsion.

Treatment of a gastric torsion

A gastric torsion is a life-threatening situation and is always an emergency! Therefore, contact the veterinarian immediately if you recognize the symptoms in your dog.

The treatment of a gastric torsion always starts with stabilizing the dog. This is done by, for example, administering oxygen and raising blood pressure with medication. Next, it is important to relieve the pressure from the stomach. This is done by inserting a tube into the esophagus or by releasing gas from the stomach with a thick needle. In most cases, surgery is necessary. During this surgery, the stomach is rotated back to its normal position and attached to the abdominal wall. This is called gastropexy. This reduces the dog's chance of developing another gastric torsion. A dog that has had a gastric torsion once has about an 80% chance of getting it again.

How can you prevent a gastric torsion in dogs?

There is much speculation about whether the type of food (kibble (pressed or extruded), canned food, or fresh meat) influences the development of a gastric torsion. However, these recommendations are not scientifically proven. Unfortunately, the chance of a dog developing a gastric torsion can never be completely prevented. However, there are some things you can consider to reduce the risk of developing a gastric torsion:

  • Adjust the kibble size of the food to the size of the dog. This encourages the dog to chew the kibble well and eat more slowly.
  • Avoid activity 1 hour before and 2 hours after eating. So do not walk the dog after eating and do not give him his full bowl right after a walk.
  • Give several small meals per day instead of one or two large meals.
  • If the dog gulps down food, get an anti-gulping bowl so the dog eats more calmly and swallows less air during eating.

Besides feeding the dog properly, it is also advised not to breed from parent dogs that have previously had a gastric torsion. Genetic predisposition is an important factor in whether a dog might develop a gastric torsion or not.

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