What is osteochondrosis in dogs?
Osteochondrosis is associated with damage to bone and cartilage tissue. When the joints develop properly, cartilage is gradually converted into bone during growth. Abnormalities in this process are called osteochondrosis (OC), and when a loose cartilage fragment is present, it is called osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). With an abnormality, ossification remains incomplete in certain areas, causing localized thickening of the cartilage. Because of this thickening, the cartilage does not receive enough nutrients from the joint fluid in its deeper layers. Insufficient nutrient supply weakens the cartilage. Overloaded cartilage can tear or break away. Occasionally, pieces of bone may come away as well. This can lead to abnormalities in the joint surfaces, causing swelling, pain, and inflammation.
Osteochondrosis can occur in any joint, but in dogs it most commonly affects the upper arm (humeral head), which forms the shoulder joint with the shoulder blade. It regularly occurs in large, fast-growing dogs such as Newfoundlands, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Labradors, and Rottweilers. It is also twice as common in males of these breeds as in females. Nutrition and genetic predisposition also play a major role in OCD. One of the most important factors is an excessively high calcium content in the diet.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis in dogs
- Lameness
- Swelling
- Pain when bending and straightening the joint
The diagnosis is often made using an X-ray, although occasionally exploratory surgery is needed to confirm it. Some dogs improve sufficiently with dietary adjustments, glucosamine and chondroitin supplements, and adequate rest, but surgery is often necessary. During surgery, loose cartilage fragments are removed and the joint surface is made as smooth as possible. Most dogs can walk well again after this surgery.
