What is osteochondrosis in dogs?
Osteochondrosis is related to damage to the bone and cartilage tissue. During proper joint development, cartilage is gradually transformed into bone as the animal grows. Abnormalities in this process are called osteochondrosis (OC), and if there is a loose cartilage fragment, it is called osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). In case of an abnormality, ossification remains incomplete in certain areas, causing localized thickening of the cartilage. Due to these thickenings, the cartilage receives insufficient nutrients from the joint fluid to the deeper layers. Because of problems with nutrient supply, the cartilage weakens. Cartilage that is overloaded can tear or break off. Occasionally, small pieces of bone may come loose. This can lead to abnormalities in the joint surfaces, causing swelling, pain, and inflammation.
Osteochondrosis can occur in all joints but is most common in dogs in the upper arm (humeral head), which forms the shoulder joint with the shoulder blade. It frequently occurs in large, fast-growing dogs such as Newfoundlanders, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Labradors, and Rottweilers. Additionally, it occurs twice as often in males of these breeds compared to females. Nutrition and hereditary factors also play a significant role in OCD. One of the most important factors is an excessively high calcium content in the diet.
Symptoms of Osteochondrosis in Dogs
- Limping
- Swelling
- Pain when bending and extending the joint
The diagnosis is often made using an X-ray, and occasionally an arthroscopy (a minimally invasive surgery) is needed to be completely sure. Some dogs improve sufficiently with dietary adjustments, supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin, and rest, but surgery is often necessary. During surgery, loose cartilage fragments are removed, and the joint surface is smoothed as much as possible. Most dogs can walk well again after this operation.
